Power Sharing – CBSE Class X Civics (Notes)

Power Sharing

Sharing Power: The Only True Democratic Hack Beyond the Throne

1. Introduction: The Chocolate Dilemma

Think about a situation when your mom buys a bar of chocolate but gives all of it to your sibling while not giving anything to you at all. The sense of injustice in such a case resembles how the people feel when political power is vested with just one group of people in a multiethnic nation. The process of dividing power amongst different groups is called power sharing. It plays a decisive role in providing sustainable peace in society.

2. The Majoritarian Fallacy: Why Simply Counting People Often Dooms the State

In Sri Lanka, the state took up the position of majoritarianism – it cared only about the interests of the majority and ignored the rights of the minority.

    Majoritarianism stands for an ideology when the majority community should be able to govern the state according to its desires.

    The 1956 Act made Sinhalese the only official language in the country. This policy caused much resentment among the Tamil-speaking people in the country. Special policies were developed for university and governmental jobs that further estranged the Tamil population from their homeland.

    Fragile Unity: How Failure to Share Power Sparked a Decade-long Disaster

    This exclusion of people led to mutual mistrust; by the eighties, various political parties wanted an independent state known as “Tamil Eelam,” which led to a civil war that lasted until 2009 and was a major disaster for the society and economy of the whole country.

      • Many people from both sides lost their lives because of the conflict, while many had to flee to other countries as refugees.
      • Due to this, the nation suffered economically, so it regressed rather than developing like it should have.
      • Social and cultural relations among different races were ruined because of the same, leaving a dark past behind.

      4. The Belgian Paradox: Striking a Balance between Majority at National Level and Reality at Regional Level

      The case of Belgium is totally different from Sri Lanka in that its policy makers understood that they needed to make their politics more complex owing to regional diversities and cultural complexities. In Belgium, even though there is a Dutch-speaking majority, the city of Brussels contradicts the trend totally.

      Language GroupNational PopulationBrussels Population
      Dutch Speakers59 percent20 percent
      French Speakers40 percent80 percent
      German Speakers1 percentIncluded in Community

      Stability emerged through a strategic quid pro quo; specifically, the Dutch accepted equality at the center, while the French yielded in Brussels.

      5. Iterative Innovation: Creation of Non-Territorial Power Using Community Government

      From 1970 up until 1993, the Belgian constitution had been revised four times in order to create a scenario whereby everyone could live in harmony. They adopted what is referred to as community government, and this is because such communities have special governments whose members are elected irrespective of their actual locations in Belgium according to the language they speak. The interesting feature here is that the authority is personal; in other words, there is power irrespective of the territory where someone comes from.

      6. The Two Logics: Why Sharing Power Is Not Only Prudent but Also Intrinsic

      There are two different sets of reasons for power sharing; the first is referred to as the prudential logic, while the latter is the more profound moral logic.

      • The prudential considerations revolve around decreasing the probability of confrontation and enhancing the stability of the entire political regime.
      • In contrast, moral considerations refer to the essence of power sharing being the core of democracy since people should have their right of consultation guaranteed.

      A democratic regime is the one where citizens become involved in the process of decision making by becoming interested in the system.

      Power sharing is the very essence of democracy.

      7. Conclusion: The Secret to Stability

      The reason why Belgium became the capital of the European Union is due to the fact that they have achieved stability, unlike Sri Lanka, where an unfortunate national disaster occurred. The two examples above show that in order to keep the country united and stable, it is important to value the emotions of various groups. Our current organizations seem to be working for the numbers but not for the people themselves.

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